Well Water in Washington County: What to Test and Why

Iron, sulfate, chloride, and lead are present in Washington County's groundwater. Several of these contaminants exceed EPA health standards, which means well owners should take their water quality seriously.

These contaminants come from the rock layers beneath the county. The area sits on coal-bearing sandstone and shale that naturally contain iron and sulfate. Chloride and lead seep into groundwater as water moves slowly through cracks in these old rocks, dissolving minerals as it goes.

Groundwater in this county is very hard, driven by elevated calcium and magnesium from the rock formations below. Iron contributes reddish-brown color and is also present at concerning levels. Very hard water and elevated iron are widespread across wells in this county.

Wells in Washington County commonly contain chloride, lead, and sulfate at levels above EPA health standards. Lead can damage children's brain development and kidneys and increases cancer risk in adults over time. Chloride at elevated levels raises health concerns for people with certain medical conditions. Sulfate can cause digestive problems, especially in infants and people with specific sensitivities.

The mineral content in county wells creates noticeable quality-of-life issues. Very hard water leaves white crusty scale buildup on pipes and fixtures and shortens the lifespan of water heaters and dishwashers. Iron stains sinks, toilets, and laundry orange-brown and can make water taste metallic. High sulfate gives water a bitter taste.

We recommend testing your well water through a certified lab. Every well is different--yours may have higher or lower levels than what is common in the county. Testing is the only way to know what is actually in your water so it can be properly treated. A comprehensive metals panel typically costs $200-400 and should include lead, chloride, sulfate, and iron. Water softeners and iron filters are common treatment options.