Well Water in Cumberland County: What to Test and Why

Groundwater in Cumberland County contains lead, iron, radon, chloride, PFOA, PFOS, and sulfate--several of these at levels exceeding EPA health standards. The presence of these contaminants at concerning concentrations means well owners should have their water tested and consider treatment.

The limestone bedrock beneath this county naturally contains radioactive elements that release radon gas into groundwater. Iron dissolves from the carbonate rock as water moves through it. Lead and chloride enter through old pipes and road salt applied to nearby highways during winter. PFOA and PFOS come from industrial and firefighting activities in the area.

Groundwater in this county is hard, driven by elevated calcium and magnesium from the limestone below. The carbonate rock readily dissolves these minerals into water that passes through it. Many wells across Cumberland County show this hard-water character along with moderate to high iron levels.

Wells in Cumberland County commonly contain chloride, iron, lead, PFOA, PFOS, radon, and sulfate at levels exceeding EPA health standards. Radon is a radioactive gas that increases lung cancer risk with long-term exposure through inhalation. Lead damages the brain and kidneys, especially in children, and harms development at any exposure level. PFOA and PFOS are human-made chemicals linked to serious health effects including liver damage, thyroid disease, and immune system problems. Chloride and sulfate at elevated levels can cause stomach problems and affect kidney function in vulnerable people.

Iron staining appears as orange-brown discoloration on sinks, toilets, and laundry that is difficult to remove. You may notice a metallic or bitter taste in the water or an unpleasant odor. The high mineral content means scale buildup on pipes, fixtures, and appliances like water heaters and dishwashers, which can shorten their lifespan.

We recommend a comprehensive metals and radon panel to find out exactly what is in your well, since every well is different and yours may have higher or lower levels than what is common in the county. Testing is the only way to know what contaminants are actually present so they can be properly treated. A comprehensive panel typically costs $200-400. Aeration systems and activated carbon filters can address multiple contaminants.