Well Water in Columbia County: What to Test and Why

Moderate Risk
Testing Recommended 8887 samples analyzed
Top Concerns in This County
Arsenic Pfoa Pfos

Why This Happens Here

Groundwater in Columbia County contains iron, arsenic, PFOA, PFOS, and sulfate. Arsenic, iron, PFOA, and PFOS exceed EPA health standards, making testing essential for well owners.

These contaminants come from the Mississippian rock aquifer beneath the county. Iron dissolves naturally from minerals in the bedrock as groundwater moves slowly through cracks and fractures. Arsenic and other contaminants also enter from the rock itself as water sits in contact with these mineral layers for long periods.

Groundwater in this county is soft but notably high in iron. Iron concentrations are very elevated in this area's groundwater because the bedrock contains iron-bearing minerals that dissolve as water passes through. Iron is common across wells in Columbia County.

What This Means for You

Wells in Columbia County commonly contain arsenic, PFOA, PFOS, and sulfate at levels that exceed EPA health standards. Arsenic is a concern because long-term exposure increases cancer risk. PFOA and PFOS are human-made chemicals that can affect your immune system, liver, and thyroid function. Sulfate at elevated levels can cause digestive issues in some people, especially infants and those with certain health conditions.

Iron in county wells is very high and will cause noticeable staining on sinks, toilets, and laundry. You may see orange or brown discoloration on white fabrics and fixtures. The water in this county is relatively soft, so you won't deal with heavy scale buildup on pipes like harder water areas experience.

We recommend testing your well water with a comprehensive metals and minerals panel since multiple contaminants exceed health standards. Every well is different, and your well may have higher or lower levels than what is typical in the county. Testing is the only way to know what is actually in your water so you can treat it properly. A comprehensive panel typically costs $200 to $400. Treatment options like aeration combined with filtration or ion exchange can address iron, arsenic, and other contaminants.

Not sure if your well is affected? Get certified results in 5–7 days.

Test Your Well Water with Tap Score →

Contaminant Detection Data

Contaminant Samples % Above MCL Distribution Confidence Risk
Iron 3 100% 33% · 0% · 67% Low High
Arsenic 9 38% 44% · 22% · 33% Low High
PFOA ⓘ municipal 100 20% 74% · 6% · 20% High High
PFOS ⓘ municipal 101 15% 72% · 13% · 15% High Moderate
Sulfate 66 9% 89% · 2% · 9% Moderate Moderate
Chloride 64 0% 98% · 2% · 0% Moderate Low
Lead 24 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Moderate Low
Radon 1 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Low
Nitrite 12 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Low
Uranium 2 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Low
PFHxS ⓘ municipal 14 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Safe
PFNA ⓘ municipal 14 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Safe
Manganese 2 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Low
HFPO-DA (GenX) ⓘ municipal 95 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Moderate Safe
Fecal Coliform 1 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Safe
Hardness 21 Moderate Low
Sodium 57 Moderate Low
PFBS ⓘ municipal 95 100% · 0% · 0% Moderate Low
Nitrate 1 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Safe
pH 18 Moderate Low
E. coli 1 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Safe
Fluoride 1 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Safe
Total Coliform 1 0% 100% · 0% · 0% Low Safe

MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level (EPA limit for public water; used as benchmark for private wells). Distribution shows % of sampled wells in each concentration band. Methodology.

Data shows potential risk — a certified test confirms whether your water is affected.

Order a Tap Score Test →

Population Health Context

Population-level CDC data. Not individual risk prediction.

500.1%
Cancer Incidence Rate
(state avg: 448.6%)
7.4%
Cancer Prevalence
(state avg: 7.0%)
3.1%
Kidney Disease Rate
(state avg: 3.0%)

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