Well Water in Monroe County: What to Test and Why

Groundwater in Monroe County contains sulfate, PFOA, and arsenic that well owners should know about. Sulfate and arsenic exceed EPA health standards, making these contaminants a concern that deserves attention.

These contaminants come from different sources. Sulfate occurs naturally in the rock layers beneath the county. Arsenic also appears naturally in certain rock types found here. PFOA, a manufactured chemical, likely enters groundwater from local industrial or commercial use and persists in the environment.

Groundwater in Monroe County is notably sulfur-bearing, driven by moderate sulfate concentrations. This sulfate dissolves naturally as water slowly moves through the rock below. Sulfate is present in a moderate portion of wells tested across the county.

Wells in Monroe County commonly contain sulfate, arsenic, chloride, and PFOA at levels above EPA health standards. Arsenic is a toxic metal that can harm organs and increase cancer risk with long-term exposure. Chloride and sulfate do not pose direct health risks at the levels found here, but PFOA is a chemical that can affect the liver and immune system over time.

The sulfate in county wells gives water a slightly salty or bitter taste. At moderate levels, sulfate does not usually cause staining or other visible problems, and sodium levels are low, so you are unlikely to see scale buildup on appliances or pipes from this water.

We recommend testing your well through a state-certified lab. Every well is different, and your well may have higher or lower levels than what is common in the county. Testing is the only way to know what is actually in your water so it can be properly treated. Because multiple analytes exceed health standards, a comprehensive metals and minerals panel is recommended. Treatment options such as reverse osmosis or activated carbon filters can remove these contaminants.