Well Water in Alleghany County: What to Test and Why

Groundwater in Alleghany County contains arsenic and radon, both of which exceed EPA health standards in this area. These contaminants are present at levels serious enough that well owners should test for them and consider treatment.

Arsenic and radon come from the rock itself. The county sits on crystalline rock--granite and related stone--that naturally contains both elements. As groundwater moves through cracks and spaces in this rock over time, it dissolves small amounts of arsenic and radon. There is no major industrial source or land-use problem driving these; they are simply part of the geology here.

Groundwater in this county is notably low in iron, sodium, and sulfate, which means the water has a clean mineral character overall. The crystalline rock that supplies the wells does not dissolve easily, so minerals do not build up the way they do in areas with softer limestone or shale. This low-mineral water is common across wells throughout the county.

Wells in Alleghany County show arsenic and radon at levels that exceed EPA health standards. Arsenic can build up in your body over time and increase the risk of cancer and other serious illnesses. Radon is a radioactive gas that enters water from rock and soil and can damage your lungs when you breathe it in or drink water containing it.

The good news is that mineral levels in county well water are generally low, so you probably won't see staining, scale buildup, or taste and odor problems that come with hard water or high iron. Your appliances should not experience premature wear from mineral deposits.

We recommend testing your well water as soon as you can, since every well is different and yours could have higher or lower levels than what is common in the county. Testing is the only way to know what is actually in your well so you can decide on treatment if needed. A comprehensive panel that checks for metals and other contaminants runs between two hundred and four hundred dollars. Treatment options like activated carbon filters or aeration systems can address both arsenic and radon depending on your results.