Well Water in Norfolk city: What to Test and Why

Chloride, sulfate, manganese, and iron are present in Norfolk's groundwater at levels that exceed EPA health standards. These contaminant levels are concerning and warrant attention from well owners in this area.

Norfolk sits on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, where underground layers of sand, clay, and silt contain saltwater that has seeped in from the ocean over time. This saltwater intrusion pushes chloride and sulfate deep into the groundwater, while minerals like manganese and iron dissolve naturally from the rock layers surrounding the water.

Groundwater in Norfolk is very high in sodium and sulfate, with moderate iron present as well. The coastal plain's proximity to the ocean and its layered sand-and-clay geology concentrate these minerals as water moves through the rock. These characteristics are widespread across wells throughout the city.

Wells in Norfolk city commonly contain chloride, iron, manganese, and sulfate at levels above EPA health standards. Chloride at high levels can raise blood pressure in some people, especially those with heart conditions or on salt-restricted diets. Iron and manganese can damage the nervous system and affect brain development in children when consumed over time. Sulfate in drinking water can cause digestive issues and diarrhea, particularly in infants and people with sensitive systems.

The mineral content in county wells creates real quality-of-life problems. High sodium gives water a salty taste that many people find unpleasant. Iron and manganese stain laundry, fixtures, and dishes with brown or black marks that are hard to remove. The very high sulfate levels can make water smell like rotten eggs. These mineral levels are high enough to shorten the lifespan of water heaters, dishwashers, and other appliances.

Testing is the only way to know what is actually in your well, since every well is different and yours could have higher or lower levels than what is common in the county. We recommend a comprehensive water panel that checks for metals and minerals, which typically costs between $200 and $400. Ion exchange softeners and reverse osmosis systems can help treat these mineral concerns. Get your well tested so you can decide what treatment makes sense for your family.